Neurofeedback Frequently Asked Questions

---

Neurofeedback, sometimes called EEG Biofeedback, is a non-invasive training method designed to help individuals improve their brain function through self-regulation. It operates on the principle of neuroplasticity – the brain's natural ability to change and adapt. By providing immediate, real-time information about brainwave activity, Neurofeedback teaches the brain to function more efficiently, stably, and resiliently. It is a form of brain training, distinct from brain stimulation techniques that introduce external currents. Because the brain is so closely involved with what we think, feel and do, the point of Neurofeedback is to train the brain to change its activity so that our thinking, emotions, actions, and bodily functioning work better for living successfully in the world.
 

One or more small metal sensors are placed on your scalp and on one or both ears. These conduct the brainwave electrical signal (EEG) to an amplifier. No electricity goes into your brain. The amplifier and corresponding software process the brainwaves instantly. Based on whether the signal is in a desirable range or not, the software presents feedback (via bluetooth to your phone or tablet) in the form of sound and video to tell you when your brain is performing in a stronger, healthier range. 

That is, when the computer detects your brain performing in the desired range it changes the volume and brightness of the video on your phone or tablet. Feedback goes on, or off, depending on whether brain activity meets the threshold setting. The feedback acts as a reward to reinforce healthier brainwave patterns, in that way gradually teaching the brain to maintain healthier or more effective brainwave patterns on its own. Usually, about 30 minutes of training is provided in a session, often in 3-5 minute segments.

The immediate presentation of feedback rewards the brain for producing more desirable brainwave patterns. The change in brainwave patterns happens due to the learning process of operant conditioning, similar to how a rat learns to push a lever to get a food reward. At first it the brain produces the desired patterns accidentally as a result of random fluctuations. But as realtime rewards are given, it quickly learns how to intentionally produce these patterns. When the brain easily reaches the threshold set by your clinician, the computer changes the threshold slightly, thereby shaping the brains activity until it can easily achieve and maintain the desired results. 

Neurofeedback addresses issues related to brain dysregulation and is used for a wide range of conditions, including Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), autism, anxiety disorders, PTSD and developmental trauma, depression, attachment issues, sleep disorders (insomnia), epilepsy, Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) / Post-Concussion Syndrome, stroke recovery support, migraines, and learning disabilities. Because these conditions often show particular EEG brainwave patterns, Neurofeedback can be used to identify and change these patterns and influence the condition. 

Neurofeedback may also be used supportively in an integrative therapy approach that tailors combinations of therapeutic methods to a person’s individual needs. 

Additionally, Neurofeedback is used for peak performance training to enhance thinking, focus, and stress resilience in a variety of athletes, artists, and professionals. There is substantial scientific evidence that supports many applications of Neurofeedback.

Neurofeedback is generally considered very safe and non-invasive when administered by a qualified and properly trained professional. Since it is a learning process for the brain, side effects are uncommon and typically mild and temporary. They might include brief fatigue, mild headache, or feeling slightly "spacey" or "wired." These effects usually indicate that the training protocol needs minor adjustment and typically resolve quickly. Reporting any such experiences to the provider is important for optimizing the training.

Many practitioners also utilize Quantitative EEG (qEEG), or "brain mapping." This involves recording EEG activity from 19 scalp locations during resting states with eyes open and closed, then comparing this data to age-matched normative databases. The resulting "map" highlights specific patterns of brain activity (e.g., areas of over- or under-activity, communication issues between regions) that can guide the clinician in designing personalized and effective Neurofeedback protocols. EEG or qEEG assessment results are integrated by the clinician to identify Neurofeedback methods that will help the client achieve their goals. The findings and methods are then discussed with the client to answer questions and agree on a plan.

The number of sessions required varies significantly based on the individual's brain, the conditions being addressed, training goals, consistency, and overall health. While some benefits might be noticed within 6-8 sessions, a typical training course often ranges from 20 to 40 sessions. More complex or long-standing issues, such as severe trauma, may require 60 or more sessions for optimal, lasting results. In person training is usually done 1-3 times per week. One benefit of remote training is that you can train 5-7 times per week which greatly accelerates the overall time required to complete training. When working on healing trauma, zoom sessions with your clinician are usually scheduled 1-2 times per week. Each training session requires 20-40 minutes of brain training plus 5-10 minutes of set up and managing the system.

Neurofeedback can be useful in a manner complementary psychotherapy. The aim is to gain a holistic understanding of the root causes of problems and work on changing those, rather than only the symptoms. For individuals with trauma histories, Neurofeedback can help stabilize the nervous system and improve emotional regulation, helping clients to be more able to engage effectively in psychotherapy. The therapeutic relationship itself remains crucial in these contexts.

The effects of Neurofeedback are usually long-lasting, continuing for months or years after training has concluded. In some cases, follow-up booster sessions may be helpful.

 Neurofeedback insurance coverage varies greatly depending on the specific plan. It's best to contact your insurance company directly to inquire about coverage for Neurofeedback. Payment to Asch Therapy Group is required at the time of service. I am happy to provide super bills for you to submit to your insurance company. Please contact me to inquire about rates.